The New Plantation examines the controversial relationship between Black athletes and predominantly White NCAA Division I Institutions (PWIs), fully revealing the magnitude of the forces that affect Black athletes' experiences at PWIs. Hawkins provides a counter-hegemonic discourse and a conceptual framework for understanding how the structural arrangements of PWIs present challenges to Black athletes' academic success; while some have overcome these challenges and gone on to successful careers, many have succumbed to these prevailing structural arrangements and have not benefited academically or athletically. Hawkins makes a call for academic reform, collective accountability from the communities that bear the burden of nurturing athletic talent and the institutions that benefit from it, and collective consciousness among the Black males who make up the largest percentage of athletes in revenue-generating sports for the NCAA and its member institutions.