Line Current Differential Protection: A Collection of Technical Papers Representing Modern Solutions

This book addresses the design and application of line current differential (87L) protection, communications, and fault locating, from both the protection and communications perspectives. The book is a collection of technical papers written by industry experts, including research and development engineers, field application engineers, and protection and communications practitioners from several electric utilities. The book is suitable for protection, control, communications, and power system engineers, as well as decision-making personnel at electric utilities and industries. The papers are grouped in sections that cover the following topics: • Line Current Differential Protection Principles-introduces the reader to the 87L operation principles, design challenges, and solutions. • Communications and Time Sources-discusses communications and timing for 87L protection. Various 87L channels are reviewed and compared, and channel requirements, present current data alignment methods, and usage of external time sources in 87L schemes are discussed. Applications-addresses common application considerations of 87L schemes. • Fault Locating in Line Current Differential Relays-reviews impedance-based and traveling-wave fault locating methods embedded in 87L relays.