Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier and their Applications: CDTA based LPF, HPF, BPF, Comparator, Quadrature Oscillator

We have hitherto been using voltage mode elements like op-amps for implementation of various electronic circuits. These elements are used widely owing to their small sizes and good performance. Yet nowadays the demand for portable battery powered equipment is increasing. This issue can't be solved with voltage mode elements as the voltage supply if reduced will cause problems with realizing circuits. Instead, current mode (CM) elements can be used for the same circuits and these issues can then be addressed. In this project, we have used Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (CDTA) as the active element operating in current-mode and applied it on various circuits. We have realized the circuits for comparator, second order high pass, second order low pass, second order band pass filters and Quadrature oscillators and analyzed using results how the performance of current mode elements is better than the voltage mode ones.